| Organisation |
Activities during which organisations may be able to detect signs of THB for labour exploitation |
| In general |
- by talking to (migrant) workers
- by monitoring job advertisements that offer work abroad (see also Recruitment)
- when whistle-blowers come forward
|
| Labour inspectorates and other inspectorates |
- during routine or targeted inspections of work places in risk sectors
- when checking contracts or work permits
- through the notification of posted workers to the labour inspectorate (in combination with other information)
- through mandatory declarations on the contractors and subcontractors working on a construction site
- through complaints about working conditions and occupational health regulations
|
| Police forces and other criminal investigation services |
- when carrying our traffic controls (traffic police)
- when carrying out foot patrols (local police)
- during checks of companies
- when investigating other criminal offences
- following a direct complaint from a victim
- following a report from a concerned third party (including missing persons reports)
- as part of a joint investigation initiated by another country’s police
- during the targeted review of relevant intelligence or creation of local problem profile
- after arresting a (possible) victim for another offence, which may be directly or indirectly connected to their exploitation, for example begging or so-called ‘survival crime’ like shoplifting
- after arresting a suspected offender for another offence, for example assault or construction work that involves fraud or false representation
|
| Prosecution services |
- during cases of related crimes they are working on
|
| Border forces |
- during passport (and other document) controls
- during regular (un)scheduled border patrols at road, air and maritime border crossing points
- during targeted raids
|
| Immigration services |
- through Immigration Liaison Officers
- through the visa unit
- through the citizenship office
- through the expatriates office
- in reception centres for asylum seekers
|
| Prison services / Aliens detention services |
- in prisons or alien detention centres
|
| Tax authorities |
- during checks of the wages administration and inspections of companies
|
| Social security authorities |
- when people come to register
- when people claim benefits, for example through the detection of suspicious claims, be it through manual inquiries or flags raised on automated systems
|
| Local and regional governments |
- through social service involvement in cases involving children or vulnerable adults
- when people register their place of residence (this applies only in some member states)
- through inspecting the safety and levels of habitation of rented accommodation
- through the expatriates office
|
| Social services |
- through the activities of social workers
- through the activities of guardians
|
| Embassies and consulates |
- when dealing with visa applications
- when providing consular services to possible victims
|
| Health care sector: GPs, hospitals, clinics, care providers |
- when encountering possible victims, for example when medical assistance is sought following workplace related injuries or a pregnancy
|
| Chambers of Commerce |
- when people come to register as self-employed (when this is fake)
|
| NGOs and outreach services |
- through contacts with migrant communities
- through the provision of targeted support services for disadvantaged groups (for example via soup kitchens)
- through information provided about their peers by other victims of trafficking already accessing support services
|
| Churches, other faith groups and migrant organisations |
- through charity and providing welfare
|
| Trade unions |
- through their contacts at the workplace
|
| Lawyers |
- dealing with cases of or related to THB for labour exploitation
|
|
Companies and businesses:
for example restaurants, hotels, farms (for example those where seasonal work is carried out), factories, employment agencies (state or private), insurance companies, internet providers, construction companies, postal and delivery services, tourist agencies, airline companies, bus companies, banks
|
- when people book a journey
- when people take a plane
- when people take the bus
- when people open a bank account
- through the pattern of use of the bank account
- when people come to deposit or withdraw money
- when too many people have bank accounts at the same address
|
| General public |
- through checks by the neighbourhood watch
- through concerns about disorder, overcrowding of properties used to house victims
|
| Victims or colleagues of victims |
- when victims self-report
- through contact between non-exploited members of staff and their possibly exploited peers.
|
